{
  "handle": "Throttle",
  "mechanism": "Rate Limiting: Maximum N {{task}}s per time window W. Excess requests rejected, queued, or delayed. Window can be sliding or fixed. Separate limits per action type or global. Utilizes {{backoff}}.",
  "gloss": "Rate-limiting to prevent resource exhaustion",
  "failure_modes": [
    "Unbounded queue: `excess_policy` is queue or delay and arrivals stay above the limit, so latency grows without anything being dropped or refused."
  ],
  "invariants": [
    "Rate limit: output rate ≤ `rate_limit` within any `window`, sliding or fixed.",
    "Excess is handled by the declared `excess_policy` — rejected, queued, or delayed. Only rejection drops."
  ],
  "preconditions": [
    "Token bucket or Leaky bucket state initialized"
  ],
  "parameters": [
    {
      "name": "rate_limit",
      "type": "Integer",
      "range": "[1, 10000]",
      "description": "Max requests per window"
    },
    {
      "name": "window",
      "type": "Duration",
      "range": "[1s, 1h]",
      "description": "Time window for rate calculation"
    },
    {
      "name": "burst_size",
      "type": "Integer",
      "range": "[1, 100]",
      "description": "Temporary overflow allowance"
    },
    {
      "name": "excess_policy",
      "type": "Enum",
      "range": "{reject, queue, delay}",
      "description": "What happens above the limit. Named in the intersection and previously expressible nowhere."
    }
  ],
  "_meta": {
    "tier": 1,
    "ring": 0,
    "supersedes": [
      "sema:Throttle#mh:SHA-256:3b435aa8eded864eadf7d8eec80d395fd7f4e6c2749d33880cbf8c4593f926af",
      "sema:Throttle#mh:SHA-256:24860a38fb19f46f0cd620ada5ec2abadef4377dc6c0459f14180e4ce7aed7c8",
      "sema:Throttle#mh:SHA-256:dc1439d0fbf64ac81ebea3d7570e55d7b94802d028061470a2e5681bc3c1d5f6"
    ],
    "path": [
      "Infrastructure",
      "Primitives"
    ]
  },
  "sema_id": "sema:Throttle#mh:SHA-256:dd626ad2479e5377339f44e77b61a0264591ed21a906556f020fccb98450fe55",
  "sema_ref": "Throttle#dd62",
  "sema_stub": "dd62",
  "dependencies": {
    "accepts": {
      "task": "sema:Task#mh:SHA-256:a85010f508f85055170c396c8fa390125c1206888c565ac10651f3969a339f8d"
    },
    "composes_with": {
      "backoff": "sema:Backoff#mh:SHA-256:9e59718422f5408d7892feccb6d538a21103f9573b122b891ee3c8cf66303e72"
    }
  },
  "sema_layer": "Infrastructure",
  "sema_category": "Primitives",
  "used_by": {
    "references": {
      "Cooldown": "sema:Cooldown#mh:SHA-256:c288d88055cb0aae80c4b67ed62afcd3ebcc5de18749fc6efb15e9f8c529b9df",
      "Warmup": "sema:Warmup#mh:SHA-256:ed16f499e655d6d252a2bae39a8cc87ec8497426107905501920ac47644be9ef"
    }
  }
}