{
  "handle": "Falsification",
  "mechanism": "The logical act of proving a {{hypothesis}} false by {{observe}}ing an {{incongruity}} between prediction and observation. It creates specific knowledge by eliminating possibilities.",
  "gloss": "Proof of falsehood",
  "invariants": [
    "Modus tollens: prediction implies observation; observation fails; therefore not the {{hypothesis}}.",
    "The prediction follows from the {{hypothesis}} alone, not from auxiliary assumptions.",
    "Requires an {{observe}}d {{incongruity}}, not an argued one."
  ],
  "_meta": {
    "ring": 1,
    "tier": 1,
    "related": [
      "sema:HypothesisLadder#mh:SHA-256:1e4cd70cfbf442861d0a8d486cc67a7d916354b29b20925cbee2606418c84701"
    ],
    "supersedes": [
      "sema:Falsification#mh:SHA-256:3e368a58febe7fc02de81df5c2f1ae163c7bfe543200cb2dcbeb7cde50609929",
      "sema:Falsification#mh:SHA-256:e44f4a50368282b2da7ea5465d1368ca095c1dce2c970f23d5ce39cf1461ce7f"
    ],
    "path": [
      "Mind",
      "Strategy"
    ]
  },
  "sema_id": "sema:Falsification#mh:SHA-256:354338d40b319138cd6dc0f9ab5a8a5610ec832afe762f007463bb9d08363b51",
  "sema_ref": "Falsification#3543",
  "sema_stub": "3543",
  "failure_modes": [
    "Auxiliary blame: the prediction rested on a background assumption, so the failed observation falsifies the bundle rather than the hypothesis.",
    "Bad observation: the measurement was wrong, and a sound hypothesis is discarded."
  ],
  "dependencies": {
    "references": {
      "hypothesis": "sema:Hypothesis#mh:SHA-256:09894332330937ab8ffd172087883db3adeddf6b7d4ca2befe31832416dedc14",
      "incongruity": "sema:Incongruity#mh:SHA-256:479ed6c65501ca52ea6149d3e47638291f40158f4e73d8a5c2d71869da4006dc",
      "observe": "sema:Observe#mh:SHA-256:4a04c0e91f072dc02a4be52bca921c38c1be46e88b1f2bcb375076fdb5103e96"
    }
  },
  "sema_layer": "Mind",
  "sema_category": "Strategy",
  "used_by": {
    "references": {
      "Eliminate": "sema:Eliminate#mh:SHA-256:07d38b131eefdbe2cd46a074bfc7dd73da0b5474f4709c7e80f678d2ffa92be9",
      "EmpiricalTest": "sema:EmpiricalTest#mh:SHA-256:75ae9b3629a0075fc40a64b8615e553fc25e5866c8c276e682790e2069fefd39"
    }
  }
}